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Tanning is the process by which the skin darkens due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. When UV rays penetrate the skin, they stimulate the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the skin's color. It is a protective response of skin against harmful UV rays.

Types of Tanning:

Natural Tanning: Occurs due to sun exposure. UVA rays penetrate deep into the skin and are responsible for tanning. UVB rays are primarily responsible for sunburn, while UVA rays penetrate deeper, causing long-term skin damage.
Artificial Tanning: Includes tanning beds and sunlamps, which emit UV radiation similar to the sun, often with higher intensity.

Risks of Tanning:

Premature Aging: UV exposure breaks down collagen and elastin fibers, leading to wrinkles, sagging, and other signs of aging.
Skin Cancer: Tanning significantly increases the risk of skin cancers, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.
Hyperpigmentation: Tanning can cause uneven skin tone, dark spots, and conditions like melasma.
Eye Damage: UV exposure can damage the eyes, potentially leading to cataracts and other eye conditions.

Safer Alternatives to Achieve a Tanned Look:

Self-Tanners: Lotions, sprays, and mousses containing DHA (dihydroxyacetone) provide a temporary tan without UV exposure.
Bronzing Makeup: Can be used to create a sun-kissed glow on the face and body.

Preventing Tanning and Sun Damage:

Sunscreen: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily, reapplying every two hours and after swimming or sweating.
Protective Clothing: Wear wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and clothing with UV protection.
Seek Shade: Avoid direct sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
Avoid Tanning Beds: They are not a safe alternative to sun tanning and pose similar, if not greater, risks of skin cancer.

Adopting these protective measures can help maintain healthy, youthful skin and reduce the risk of UV-induced damage.

Tan removal treatments are much sought after procedures in the Indian subcontinent. Repeated sun exposure leads to permanent tan. The stubborn tan can be treated by medical procedures followed by homecare.

Microdermabrasion and hydrafacial treatments help in exfoliating and removing the dead cells along with excess melanin. Additionally chemical peels give better outcome of tan removal procedures. However, these treatments should be followed by strict sun protection and continued exfoliation by using alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) and moisturisers.