Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation and flaking of the skin. It primarily affects areas with a high density of sebaceous (oil) glands, such as the scalp, face, and upper trunk. However, skin folds may also be involved in rare situations like in neonates.

Key Features of Seborrheic Dermatitis:

Appearance: Red, greasy patches of skin covered with white or yellowish greasy looking scales. It often appears as dandruff on the scalp, or as flaky, inflamed areas on the face, including the eyebrows, eyelids, around the nose and beard area. Round, scaly patches may be seen in the centre of the chest and back as well.
Symptoms: Common symptoms include itching, burning, or irritation. The skin may appear oily and may have a noticeable rash or scaling.

Causes and Risk Factors:

Malassezia Yeast: Overgrowth of this yeast, which is normally present on the skin, is thought to play a role in the condition.
Genetics: Family history can increase the risk.
Hormones: Changes or imbalances in hormones can trigger or exacerbate symptoms.
Weather: Cold, dry weather or excessive heat and humidity can aggravate the condition.
Stress: Can trigger or worsen symptoms. Lack of sleep and night shift work is a risk factor.

Common Areas Affected:

Scalp: Most common site affected is the scalp, leading to dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp.
Face: Particularly around the nose, eyebrows, and ears.
Upper Trunk: Includes the chest and back, where oily, scaly patches can develop.
Other Areas: Can also affect areas where skin folds, like the armpits and groin.

Treatment Options:

1. Topical Treatments:

Antifungal Creams or Shampoos:Contain ingredients like ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, or zinc pyrithione to control yeast overgrowth.
Corticosteroids: Prescription-strength creams or lotions to reduce inflammation and provide quick relief from itching.
Coal Tar Products: Shampoos containing coal tar help to reduce scaling and inflammation.
Moisturizers: Regular use of moisturizers can help reduce dryness and flaking.

2. Lifestyle Adjustments: Avoiding known triggers, such as stress or harsh skin products, and maintaining a consistent skincare routine.

3. Oral antifungals - They may be needed in severe cases.

Management Tips:

Gentle Skin Care: Use mild, non-irritating cleansers and shampoos.
Regular Washing: Especially important for the scalp to reduce buildup of oils and flakes.
Avoid Scratching: Can worsen irritation and lead to secondary infections.

Seborrheic dermatitis is manageable with appropriate treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan to effectively control symptoms and improve skin health.